Amazon Partners with Anthropic to Construct a Colossal AI Supercomputer

In a joint venture, Amazon and Anthropic, a competitor to OpenAI, are embarking on the creation of one of the globe's most formidable AI supercomputers. This ambitious project aims to expand the boundaries of artificial intelligence capabilities. Upon completion, this supercomputer will be quintuple the size of the system currently powering Anthropic's most advanced model. Amazon has revealed that this monumental supercomputer will incorporate hundreds of thousands of its newest AI processing chips, known as Trainium 2, positioning it as the world's most significant AI machine reported to date.

During the Re:Invent conference in Las Vegas, Matt Garman, CEO of Amazon Web Services, unveiled the company's ambitious supercomputer project named Rainer. This announcement was part of a series of updates that underscored Amazon's emerging prominence in the generative AI sector.

Garman revealed that Tranium 2 will be widely released in specialized Trn2 UltraServer clusters designed for advanced AI training. Numerous businesses currently utilize Amazon's cloud services to develop and train their own AI models, frequently employing Nvidia's GPUs in the process. However, according to Garman, the latest AWS clusters offer a cost advantage, being 30 to 40 percent less expensive than the configurations using Nvidia's GPUs.

Amazon holds the title as the largest provider of cloud computing services globally, yet it was perceived as falling behind in the field of generative artificial intelligence, especially when stacked against competitors such as Microsoft and Google. Nonetheless, this year marked a significant shift as the company invested a hefty $8 billion into Anthropic. Additionally, it has subtly introduced a collection of utilities via an AWS platform known as Bedrock, aimed at assisting corporations in leveraging and managing generative AI.

During the Re:Invent event, Amazon unveiled its advanced training chip, known as Trainium 3, touting it to deliver quadruple the performance of its existing model. This cutting-edge chip is expected to be accessible to consumers by the end of 2025.

Patrick Moorhead, the CEO and chief analyst at Moore Insight & Strategy, expressed amazement at the performance figures for the new chip model, highlighting that the Trainium 3 has notably benefited from enhancements in the chip interconnects. These interconnects play a vital role in the creation of expansive AI models by facilitating swift data movement between chips, an area that AWS has seemingly refined in its recent iterations.

Moorehead suggests that Nvidia is likely to continue leading the AI training sector for some time, yet anticipates growing rivalry in the coming years. He notes that Amazon's advancements indicate Nvidia isn't the sole option for training purposes.

Before the event, Garman informed WIRED that Amazon plans to unveil a suite of tools aimed at assisting users in managing generative AI models, which he describes as frequently being too costly, unreliable, and inconsistent.

The innovations encompass methods to enhance the performance of compact models through the assistance of more expansive ones, a mechanism for overseeing a multitude of diverse AI entities, and an instrument that verifies the accuracy of a chatbot's responses. While Amazon develops its proprietary AI models for product recommendations on its online marketplace and additional functions, its main role is to facilitate other companies in creating their AI applications.

According to Steven Dickens, CEO and principal analyst at HyperFRAME Research, Amazon may not offer a product similar to ChatGPT to showcase its artificial intelligence prowess, but its extensive cloud services portfolio could provide a significant edge in marketing generative AI technologies to potential customers. "The extensive offerings of AWS—this will be a point to watch," he notes.

Amazon's proprietary chip technology is set to lower the cost of the AI programs it markets. "For any major cloud service provider focused on delivering high-end, capable AI, silicon will be an essential component of their strategy moving forward," Dickens asserts, highlighting that Amazon has been at the forefront of creating its own silicon, ahead of its rivals.

Garman has noted an increase in AWS clients transitioning from demonstration stages to creating market-ready offerings that integrate generative AI. "We're really enthusiastic about seeing our customers progress from conducting AI trials and pilot projects," he shared with WIRED.

Garman notes that a significant number of clients are more focused on discovering strategies to reduce costs and enhance the dependability of generative AI, rather than advancing its cutting-edge capabilities.

AWS recently unveiled a service named Model Distillation, designed to create a more compact model that operates more swiftly and cost-effectively, yet retains the functionalities of its larger counterpart. Garman illustrates, "Imagine you are part of an insurance firm. You could compile a series of queries, input them into a highly sophisticated model, and then leverage that data to educate the smaller model to specialize in those areas."

Today, a fresh cloud-based solution, dubbed Bedrock Agents, was unveiled, offering capabilities to develop and oversee AI-powered agents dedicated to automating practical tasks like customer service, handling orders, and conducting analytics. It features a principal agent tasked with overseeing a cadre of subordinate AI, delivering performance analyses and orchestrating modifications. "Essentially, you have the ability to establish an agent that oversees the rest of the agents," explains Garman.

Garman anticipates that businesses will be highly enthusiastic about Amazon's latest feature designed to verify the correctness of chatbot responses. Given the tendency of large language models to produce erroneous or fabricated answers, the current strategies to mitigate these errors are not foolproof. Garman explained to WIRED that clients, especially from the insurance sector, who cannot risk inaccuracies in their AI systems, are eagerly seeking such protective measures. Garman highlights the importance of reliability in responses, especially in scenarios like determining insurance coverage. "You wouldn't want the system to incorrectly deny coverage when it's actually provided, or confirm it when it's not," he notes.

Amazon has launched a new tool named Automated Reasoning, which stands out from a similar offering by OpenAI introduced earlier in the year. This tool employs logical reasoning to interpret the outputs of models. To utilize it effectively, businesses must convert their data and policies into a logically analyzable format. "We convert the natural language into logical terms, then we proceed to confirm or refute the statement, offering an explanation for its validity or lack thereof," explained Bryon Cook, a prominent scientist at AWS and vice president of Amazon's Autonomous Reasoning Group, in a conversation with WIRED.

Cook mentions that this type of structured logic has been applied for years in fields such as semiconductor manufacturing and encryption. He further suggests that this method could be employed to develop chatbots capable of processing airline ticket refunds or offering accurate human resources details.

Cook mentions that by integrating several systems equipped with Automated Reasoning, businesses can develop advanced applications and services, which may also involve autonomous entities. "You end up with interacting agents that engage in structured reasoning and share their logic," he explains. "Reasoning is going to play a crucial role."

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Dylan Field Finds Amusement in This Week's Enron Revival

Figma cofounder Dylan Field appears to have a keen interest in Enron, or more specifically, in the cryptocurrency-driven, somewhat satirical reboot of the firm that emerged online this week.

Wearing a noticeably large Enron hoodie during his chat with WIRED's senior editor Steven Levy at The Big Interview event in San Francisco on Tuesday, Field mentioned his admiration for the Enron logo, famously the last work of iconic American graphic designer Paul Rand, known for his designs for ABC, IBM, UPS, and Westinghouse. However, he also expressed excitement about the rumored comeback of Enron, linked to the creator of "Birds Aren’t Real," Connor Gaydos. Field, who was only nine years old at the time of Enron's downfall in 2001, speculated (with a hint of optimism) about the feasibility of establishing a new entity under the shadow of Enron's troubled past, considering his generation might not be as affected by the company's previous failures as others might be.

In any case, the topic revolves around the influence of design, a concept that Field and Levy delved into extensively during their discussion. They touched on the development and growth of the Figma platform, as well as the cofounder's vision for the short-term direction of the company.

Currently, Field notes, the firm boasts a user base in the "millions," divided evenly among designers, programmers, and individuals from a diverse range of other fields. He believes that Figma offers a unique opportunity for businesses and brands to enhance their visual representation like never before. By facilitating teamwork, it allows for a faster realization of visual capabilities, optimal user experiences, and distinctive market positioning.

Dylan Field participated in a dialogue with Steven Levy during The Big Interview session, organized by WIRED in San Francisco, on December 3, 2024.

In a time when artificial intelligence can enhance the quality of many tasks, Levy inquired about how businesses utilizing Figma can distinguish themselves. Field believes the solution isn't merely to simplify tasks for beginners in design and coding, which AI has begun to address, but rather to "elevate the standard" to enable proficient designers and coders to surpass their prior capabilities.

Field believes that top-tier designers possess a special talent for blending interactivity, movement, and user experience in ways that set their work apart. He is optimistic that with the adoption of AI technologies, such as those being incorporated by Figma, individuals will be constrained less by the capabilities of their tools and more by the scope of their creativity. This, he hopes, will enable more people to achieve the level of excellence seen in the work of the world's leading designers.

Field recognized that effective design might inadvertently benefit malicious individuals, referencing a notably sophisticated magazine published by ISIS in the mid-2010s as a stark example. However, he believes that when designed properly, all tools have the potential to elevate individuals.

Field emphasized, “Currently, a lot of the artificial intelligence applications are aimed at making access easier for everyone. This is beneficial for various reasons. For instance, individuals engaging in image creation using diffusion techniques are now exploring areas like art therapy, which was previously unattainable.” However, he noted the significance of pushing boundaries further. “Our focus is increasingly on elevating the level of what can be achieved with AI, and that’s the direction we aspire to move towards.”

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Mira Murati Leaves OpenAI, Remains Hopeful About AGI's Future

Ex-OpenAI leader Mira Murati believes that although it may take years, AI technologies will one day be capable of executing various intellectual tasks at a level comparable to humans. This anticipated breakthrough is commonly referred to as artificial general intelligence, or AGI.

"At the moment, it seems within reach," Murati stated during WIRED’s The Big Interview gathering in San Francisco on Tuesday. Speaking publicly for the first time since stepping down as the CTO of OpenAI in September, Murati shared with WIRED’s Steven Levy her perspective that the ongoing discussions in the AI sector about the difficulties of creating more advanced generative AI systems aren't causing her much worry.

Murati expressed confidence in the advancement, stating, "The present data suggests that we can expect ongoing development," he remarked. "There seems to be little proof against this trend. As for the necessity of fresh concepts to achieve AGI-level capabilities, it remains to be seen. However, I remain hopeful about the sustained progress."

Her comments highlight her continuous desire to explore avenues for introducing advanced AI technologies to the market, even after her departure from OpenAI. In October, Reuters disclosed that Murati is launching her AI venture aimed at creating unique models, with potential investments surpassing $100 million in venture capital. When asked on Tuesday, Murati chose not to provide further details about her business endeavor.

"I'm in the process of determining its appearance," she mentioned. "I'm right in the middle of it all.”

Murati initially embarked on her career in the aerospace industry, subsequently moving to Elon Musk's Tesla. There, she contributed to the development of the electric vehicles Model S and Model X. Following her tenure at Tesla, she played a leading role in both product and engineering at the virtual reality company Leap Motion. In 2018, she transitioned to OpenAI, where she played a pivotal role in overseeing projects like ChatGPT and Dall-E. Rising through the ranks, she became a key executive at OpenAI and even temporarily led the organization last year during a period when board members were making critical decisions about the leadership of CEO Sam Altman.

Upon Murati stepping down, Altman acknowledged her role in aiding the company during challenging periods, highlighting her crucial contribution to OpenAI's expansion.

Murati refrained from detailing her reasons for departing OpenAI, only mentioning that it seemed like the appropriate time for her to explore personal interests. A significant number of OpenAI's initial workforce have exited the organization lately, with a portion expressing discontent with Altman's heightened emphasis on profit-making rather than strictly scholarly pursuits. In a discussion with WIRED's Levy, Murati pointed out the excessive attention given to employee exits rather than focusing on the core aspects of AI progression.

She highlighted the significance of developing artificial data for training algorithms and the increasing funding in computational resources required to run these models as key fields to watch. Innovations in these sectors, she mentioned, will eventually make AGI possible. However, the issue isn't purely technological. "This technology isn't inherently positive or negative," she noted. "It carries both aspects." According to Murati, it falls upon the collective efforts of society to guide these algorithms towards positive outcomes—ensuring we are ready when AGI finally arrives.

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OpenAI Recruits Trio of Leading Engineers From DeepMind

Today, OpenAI revealed it has successfully recruited three top-tier engineers specializing in computer vision and machine learning from its competitor Google DeepMind. These recruits will be stationed at OpenAI's newly established office in Zurich, Switzerland. According to an internal note distributed to employees on Tuesday, Lucas Beyer, Alexander Kolesnikov, and Xiaohua Zhai have been brought on board to focus on the development of multimodal AI technologies. These technologies are designed to handle tasks across various platforms, from visual to auditory.

OpenAI, a leader in the development of multimodal AI technologies, unveiled its text-to-image platform, Dall-E, for the first time in 2021. Initially, its premier chatbot, ChatGPT, was designed to process only text-based interactions. Subsequently, the company expanded its capabilities by integrating voice and image processing features, highlighting the growing significance of multimodal functionalities in its offerings and AI explorations. (The most recent iteration of Dall-E can now be accessed directly through ChatGPT.) In addition, OpenAI has been working on an eagerly awaited generative AI video tool named Sora, although it hasn't been broadly released yet.

According to information on Beyer's own website, the trio of newly appointed researchers have a history of tight collaboration. During his tenure at DeepMind, it seems Beyer was keenly observant of OpenAI's research outputs and the public disputes it found itself in, sharing his thoughts on these matters with his substantial following of over 70,000 on X. In the instance when OpenAI's board temporarily removed CEO Sam Altman from his position last year, Beyer suggested on his social media that the most plausible reason he had encountered for Altman's dismissal was his simultaneous involvement with multiple other startups.

In the quest to create cutting-edge AI technologies, OpenAI and its competitors are fiercely vying to recruit the best global researchers, frequently proposing yearly salary packages nearing or exceeding a million dollars. It's quite typical for these highly coveted experts to switch from one company to another.

For instance, Tim Brooks, who was once at the helm of guiding research for OpenAI's yet-to-be-released video generator, has since transitioned to a role at DeepMind. However, the trend of notable talent acquisitions stretches far past just DeepMind and OpenAI. In March, Microsoft secured the expertise of Mustafa Suleyman, who was leading AI efforts at Inflection AI, and brought onboard the majority of the startup's team as well. Additionally, it's reported that Google shelled out $2.7 billion to reacquire Noam Shazeer, the mind behind Character.AI, into its ranks.

In recent months, several prominent individuals have departed from OpenAI, opting to either align themselves with rival firms such as DeepMind and Anthropic or initiate their own projects. Ilya Sutskever, one of the founders of OpenAI and its previous chief scientist, exited to establish Safe Superintelligence, a new enterprise dedicated to the safety of AI and the management of existential threats. Meanwhile, Mira Murati, who previously held the position of chief technology officer at OpenAI, declared her exit from the company in September and is believed to be securing funding for a novel AI initiative.

In October, OpenAI announced its intentions to grow its international presence. Alongside the establishment of new offices in Zurich, the organization intends to establish additional locations in New York City, Seattle, Brussels, Paris, and Singapore. This expansion adds to its already existing locations in London, Tokyo, and various other cities, beyond its main office in San Francisco.

According to their LinkedIn profiles, Zhai, Beyer, and Kolesnikov are residents of Zurich, a city that's gaining traction as a significant technology center in Europe. ETH Zurich, a prestigious public research institution known for its outstanding computer science department, is located in the city. Furthermore, it has been reported by the Financial Times that Apple has discreetly recruited several AI specialists from Google to join a confidential lab based in Zurich earlier in the year.

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Tim Cook Aims for Apple to Be a Lifesaver

Whenever I make a trip to the Apple Park campus, I'm reminded of a walkthrough I had just months before its completion, amidst the unfinished floors dusted with terrazzo and areas now teeming with greenery that were once just mud. Leading the tour was none other than Tim Cook, the CEO of Apple. He showed me around the massive circular structure, worth $5 billion, with a sense of ownership, noting that investing in this new campus represented a commitment for the next century.

Today, I'm revisiting the Ring—a place abuzz with vitality, seven years since its inception—to catch up with Cook once more. The technology sector is at a crucial juncture. The leading giants are on the brink, poised either to falter or to cement their supremacy for generations. Our conversation today is centered around Cook's strategic play in this critical moment: the forthcoming launch of Apple Intelligence, the brand's major leap into the intensely competitive realm of generative AI. To some, this move comes a tad late. Throughout the year, Apple's rivals have been capturing the spotlight, captivating investors, and leading headlines with their chatbots, while the world's top-valued company (at the time of writing) was preoccupied with unveiling an overpriced, cumbersome augmented-reality headset. For Apple, nailing AI is imperative. Unlike buildings, corporations are not guaranteed to remain eminent for a hundred years.

Cook remained calm. Following in the footsteps of Steve Jobs, his belief isn't that being first guarantees superiority. In what he describes as "Classic Apple" fashion, the company makes its entrance into a noisy market of pioneers by launching products that transform cutting-edge technologies into something both appealing and practical. Consider the revolution the iPod brought to digital music. It may not have been the inaugural MP3 player, but its sleek design, user-friendliness, and seamless connectivity with an online marketplace offered consumers an exciting new method to enjoy their music.

Cook also argues that Apple has always been gearing up for the advent of artificial intelligence. Highlighting this preparation, in 2018, he successfully recruited John Giannandrea, Google's leading AI executive, marking a significant addition to Apple's top executive team. Following this, he discontinued a longstanding project focused on developing a smart car, a move that, while widely speculated, was never officially confirmed by Apple. He then directed the company's expertise in machine learning towards integrating AI capabilities into its software offerings.

In June, Apple unveiled a significant update, introducing an artificial intelligence layer across its entire range of products. The company's CEO, Tim Cook, secured a partnership with OpenAI, the leading name in chatbot technology, enabling Apple users to utilize ChatGPT. I had the opportunity to preview some of their upcoming features, such as a feature that allows users to design personalized emojis using voice commands and a user-friendly AI tool for creating images named Image Playground. (I have not had the chance to experience the updated version of Siri, Apple's historically underwhelming AI assistant, myself.)

One standout feature of Apple's artificial intelligence, as emphasized by the company, is its commitment to privacy, a key aspect of leadership under Tim Cook. These AI capabilities are being introduced in software updates for the newest iPhones and Macs from the past few years, and are designed to operate directly on the devices. This means users' data isn't transferred to cloud services. For the more advanced AI functions, Cook guarantees that the processing takes place in protected areas within Apple's data centers.

Upon revisiting the Ring, I'm reminded of Tim Cook's adeptness at highlighting the successes stemming from his major decisions, such as the introduction of the Apple Watch and the strategic move towards proprietary silicon chips. These innovations have significantly enhanced the performance of Apple's smartphones and laptops. (He conveniently omits mention of less successful ventures, like the expensive foray into smart cars.) When he enters the conference room for our meeting, I anticipate that Cook will exhibit his impeccable manners, a trait finely polished during his upbringing in Alabama. He'll engage in a bit of exaggeration regarding Apple's product merits while smoothly deflecting any critique aimed at his immensely influential company. (Regarding his thoughts on the recent election results, which were announced after our conversation, he opted to remain silent.) Whereas Steve Jobs would aggressively push his agenda, akin to a torrential downpour, Cook opts for a softer approach, gently enveloping those he speaks with, while expressing his admiration for his company's endeavors.

Ultimately, it's the consumers who will deliver the final verdict. However, after four decades of observing Apple, one thing is clear to me: If this initial version of AI doesn't meet expectations, a determined Tim Cook will appear in a pre-recorded keynote presentation, proudly introducing an upgraded version as "the finest Apple Intelligence ever created." No matter the level of scrutiny, Tim Cook consistently maintains his composure.

This discussion has been condensed and refined for brevity and coherence, amalgamating segments recorded both in front of and away from the camera. For the visual version, visit WIRED's YouTube page.

When did you initially grasp that generative AI was poised to become a significant phenomenon?

I wouldn't describe it as a sudden revelation. It developed gradually, akin to a growing wave or the approach of thunder. In 2017, we incorporated a neural engine into our offerings. The significance of AI and machine learning was clear even then. It soon became clear that we needed to allocate a significant number of personnel to this area, signaling a new chapter for our product line.

What led you to decide what you'd create using it?

Our aim was to introduce innovation that emphasized personalization and privacy. We explored how these aspects could converge in a manner that was quintessentially Apple—focusing on delivering technology that not only serves individuals but also improves their daily experiences.

In your talks, you frequently refer to Apple Intelligence interchangeably with artificial intelligence. Do you believe there's a prevalent fear of AI among people?

In my view, it certainly exists. We tossed around various names for everything, ultimately settling on Apple Intelligence. It wasn't meant to be a play on words with artificial intelligence. Looking back, it appears to be quite obvious.

Certain businesses impose fees for services improved by artificial intelligence. Have you thought about this?

The topic of imposing a fee was never discussed. We see it in a similar light to multitouch technology, which was pivotal in sparking the era of smartphones and contemporary tablets.

You've been utilizing Apple Intelligence yourself for some time now. What aspects have proven to be the most beneficial for you?

As a company that operates predominantly through email, I receive a vast amount of correspondence from customers, staff, collaborators, and others. The ability to condense replies from authors and to sort emails by importance revolutionizes the way we manage our inbox, moving away from the traditional method of manual sorting. Additionally, features like the Image Playground add an element of enjoyment to the experience.

It's come to my attention that you've mentioned Apple Intelligence has the potential to boost your sense of humor, which sounds odd.

It has the potential to enhance your approachability, adding a humorous touch to interactions.

The idea of AI speaking on behalf of individuals raises questions about the future quality of communication. When a humorous message is crafted by Apple's AI, who truly deserves the credit for the humor, the person sending it or the artificial intelligence?

The source remains you. It's about your ideas and viewpoint. We both recall the surge in efficiency that arrived with the introduction of personal computers. The shift moved from using calculators to inputting data into spreadsheets. Instead of typing away at typewriters, individuals were navigating through word processing programs. While Logic Pro assists in music production, the creators behind the music remain unchanged.

In one of the demonstrations, there's a scenario where an imaginary new graduate submits a job application. The initial cover letter is informal and rather immature. However, with the use of Apple Intelligence, it can be transformed with just one click into something that appears to have been penned by a knowledgeable and shrewd individual. Should I be a hiring manager who selects this candidate, I might end up feeling deceived if the applicant's actual professional conduct doesn't match the polished tone of their cover letter.

I disagree. Utilizing the tool gives it a more refined appearance. Ultimately, the choice to use the tool is yours. It's akin to us working together on a project—collaboratively, we can achieve more than what we can individually, wouldn't you agree?

One could argue, reflecting on the initial stages of internet search technology, there was a common grievance that the reliance on search engines led to a decline in the effort to commit important dates to memory. The prevailing attitude was, "Why should I memorize this when I can simply look it up online?" This mindset has not only affected historical knowledge but has extended to skills such as crafting a formal letter.

Concerns of this nature aren't new. There was a time when the introduction of calculators sparked fear that they would drastically weaken individuals' skills in mathematics. But the question remains: did they actually do that, or did they simply streamline the process?

There was a time when I was proficient in performing long division. Sadly, that skill has eluded me now.

It hasn't slipped my mind.

Credit to you. What also catches my attention regarding Apple Intelligence is the extensive amount of data it gathers about us through our emails, schedules, and various other Apple devices. To enhance the utility of Apple Intelligence, it integrates all this data. This highlights the importance of privacy. Few companies are capable of this due to the absence of an ecosystem like Apple's.

We don't view it in terms of its ecosystem's worth. Rather, it's about taking actions that assist individuals and enhance their lives. And it undoubtedly achieves that.

Are you considering allowing other companies to integrate Apple's applications such as Mail and Messages into their AI technologies? What's your approach to ensuring user privacy in this scenario?

We consistently prioritize privacy considerations. We reject the notion that excellent privacy and superior intelligence must be mutually exclusive. A significant portion of Apple Intelligence operates directly on your device, yet for certain users, we require more robust models. Therefore, we developed a private cloud computing solution that offers equivalent privacy and security levels as your personal device. We diligently worked on this until we identified the perfect solution.

Alright, let's shift our focus slightly. Apple has taken to crafting its own bespoke chips, aiming to enhance the performance and efficiency of its devices. This move, in my view, is a somewhat overlooked aspect of Apple's triumph over the last ten years.

It serves as a significant catalyst. The philosophy that the core technologies behind our offerings should be proprietary has been a long-standing belief for us. Steve mentioned this aspect. While it's not the case that we've consistently achieved this, it's a principle we've steadfastly held onto and continually strived towards.

However, you're delegating the development of one particular technology—sophisticated large language models with global knowledge—to OpenAI. Upon revealing this partnership, it appeared to be presented as a preliminary agreement. Does it seem unavoidable that you will, in the end, create your own robust large language models?

I'd hesitate to make any forecasts. Our perspective was that OpenAI led the way and had a lead on us. We believed that a segment of our clientele would desire access to global information [not offered by Apple Intelligence], and our aim was to incorporate this seamlessly while still honoring individuals' choice in the matter.

I'm curious if there's been a noticeable change in the dynamics of your partnership, even before incorporating ChatGPT into your offerings. Initially, it seemed Apple would secure an observer role on OpenAI's board, but that no longer appears to be the case. Moreover, there was speculation about your involvement in a significant funding round for OpenAI, which ultimately did not happen. At the same time, OpenAI has experienced notable staff turnovers, and the Federal Trade Commission is investigating the potential overcentralization of AI dominance. Has there been any decrease in enthusiasm?

That claim holds no validity whatsoever. I want to clarify that our usual approach isn't to invest in multiple companies. It's quite uncommon for us to engage in such activities. Therefore, it would be highly unusual and an anomaly for us to undertake that action in this instance.

Have you ever thought about putting money into OpenAI?

I won't deny that we considered it. However, it would be quite unusual for us to go in that direction. We ventured into ARM previously. Who else was there? There were one or two more instances.

ARM performed quite well.

ARM performed impressively. [Back in 1990, Apple made a significant investment of $3 million for a 30% share in ARM—a stake that would eventually be valued at several hundred million dollars. Yet, even more crucially, ARM has been and remains a key provider of chips, especially for the iPhone.]

A major distinction between Apple and OpenAI lies in their fixation on attaining Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). This is a topic that Apple rarely, if ever, discusses. What's your opinion on the possibility of AGI becoming a reality?

At this moment, the technology has advanced to a point where we can provide it to individuals, transforming their lives, and that's our main goal. We'll continue to explore this path and discover where it leads us.

Should AGI truly become a reality, what implications might this have for Apple?

We'll keep having that conversation.

Do you ever wonder, during those late-night contemplation sessions, what the implications would be if computers possessed intelligence beyond human capabilities?

Certainly, this holds true not only for Apple but for the entire globe. The potential advantages for mankind are immense. Naturally, there are certain aspects that must be carefully regulated. We take a very thoughtful approach to our actions and decisions. It's my hope that other entities do the same. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is still some distance off, at the very least. As we progress, we'll determine the necessary precautions and boundaries in this context.

Deploying generative AI significantly strains infrastructure, necessitating increased energy consumption and additional data centers. Does this complicate Apple's aim to achieve carbon neutrality by 2030?

Certainly, there are increasing obstacles. However, are we straying from our objective? Absolutely not. As we expand our data centers, our utilization of renewable energy sources also increases, and we've effectively developed that capability. Since 2015, we've managed to reduce our carbon emissions by more than 50%, even as our net sales have surged by significantly more than 50%. I am quite optimistic about what we will achieve by 2030.

Thus, there's no need to bring retired nuclear facilities back online, correct?

I fail to perceive it.

Undoubtedly, the iPhone has significantly transformed how we live. Our fascination with them is so intense that we find ourselves constantly glued to their screens. As the creator and seller of these gadgets, does it concern you that they might be contributing to a decrease in our attention spans and damaging our capacity to focus? A recent casual survey revealed that educators at prestigious schools have observed their students facing difficulties in engaging with traditional reading materials.

I'm concerned about the habit of constant scrolling. This is why initiatives such as Screen Time are important to us, as they aim to steer individuals in the right direction. We encourage individuals to set their own restrictions, such as limiting the amount of notifications they receive. Additionally, we invest significant effort in developing parental control features. I firmly believe that if you spend more time staring at your phone than engaging in eye contact with someone, it signifies an issue.

Steve Jobs advised against speculating on the choices he might have made regarding products, instead urging you to make the optimal decisions. Nonetheless, given his well-known aversion to buttons, when you introduced a button to the iPhone 16, did you find yourself looking up and offering an apology to him?

It's hard to say what Steve's opinion would have been. Having collaborated with him for an extended period, I have formed some personal opinions. However, the situation has evolved with individuals extensively capturing photos and videos using the iPhone. This necessitated the simplification and refinement of the camera functionality, making it a crucial aspect to address.

Let's discuss the Vision Pro, your wearable display device. It appears that sales haven't met the expectations set by your team. Can you explain what occurred?

This product is aimed at early adopters, targeting individuals eager to get their hands on future tech advancements now. This demographic is actively purchasing it, leading to a thriving ecosystem. For us, the real measure of success is the vitality of this ecosystem. While I'm not sure how frequently you engage with it, I personally spend a lot of time on it and continually encounter fresh applications.

It's been said that Stevie Wonder experienced a trial of the Vision Pro and was very impressed by it. How did that come about?

He's an ally to Apple, and receiving insights from Stevie is wonderful. Moreover, his creative talent is unmatched. A recurring theme at Apple is that we integrate accessibility from the start, rather than adding it as an afterthought. Therefore, his input was crucial.

Meta and Snap are guiding us towards continuous-use mixed-reality spectacles. Will the bulkier, weightier Vision Pro eventually follow this path?

Indeed, there's been an evolution in how designs have developed over time. Augmented Reality (AR) plays a significant role in this transformation. With the introduction of Vision Pro, we've reached a milestone in creating the most sophisticated technology we have ever achieved, and arguably, the most cutting-edge technological achievement globally in the realm of electronics. It remains to be seen how far this advancement will take us.

Apple has developed numerous consumer-focused products in the medical technology sphere. What approach are they taking towards biometric monitoring and prosthetic devices?

I'm convinced that when we take a long view into the future and reflect on what Apple's greatest impact has been, it will undoubtedly be in the realm of health. That's my firm belief. The journey began with the Apple Watch, which set off a chain reaction. We started with basic functions like heart rate monitoring and then discovered we could detect heart rhythms, leading to EKG and atrial fibrillation detection. Currently, we're also tracking sleep apnea. Over the years, I've received countless messages from individuals who believe they owe their lives to the warnings provided by their wrist device.

Apple intends to equip AirPods with features to compensate for hearing impairment, likely causing concern among high-end hearing aid manufacturers.

The goal isn't to rival existing hearing aids. Instead, it's to encourage individuals with hearing impairments to consider using their AirPods as an alternative. A significant portion of those experiencing hearing difficulties remain undiagnosed. Hearing aids often carry a social stigma for some, which AirPods could help overcome. Furthermore, this approach allows individuals to self-assess their hearing capabilities. Essentially, it's about making health solutions more accessible to everyone.

Should Apple gadgets start leveraging artificial intelligence to scrutinize biometric data instantaneously, it could potentially identify medical issues much earlier than a physician. Are you undertaking any research aimed at identifying critical health concerns through this method?

Today, I won't be making any announcements. However, we're deeply involved in ongoing research. We're fully committed to our work, focusing on projects that take years to develop. It took us a considerable amount of time to perfect our hearing technology to a point where we felt confident enough to launch it.

You've just unveiled the iPhone 16. How far can this series extend—will we see an iPhone 30? Or will an AI gadget soon take its place?

The expectation is that smartphones will continue to endure for a considerable period. Innovation is anticipated to persist. Clearly, if you compare the initial iPhone model to the iPhone 16, there's a remarkable difference between the two, right?

This interview is taking place at Apple Park, a facility that's been around for seven years. Looking back, has there been anything unexpected that you couldn't have foreseen while it was still in the planning stages?

The design has fostered teamwork beyond my expectations. Collaboration was a fundamental aspect we aimed for, yet the numerous spontaneous meeting spots have been a pleasant surprise. Whether it’s in the dining area, by the coffee stand, or along the outdoor paths, these encounters happen. Moreover, there's a profound and remarkable link to Steve here. His memory is honored through the naming of the theater, and though he is in our thoughts often, his presence seems to permeate other areas as well.

You referenced the Steve Jobs Theater, specifically built for product unveilings. Currently, you introduce new products through pre-recorded videos. Do you plan to return to live events for these announcements?

Throughout the pandemic, it became clear that the majority of our audience is accessing content digitally. The limitations on physical attendance in theaters meant we needed to find a way to reach a broader audience with our announcements. Pre-recorded formats proved to be significantly more effective than live presentations due to the smoother transitions and overall production quality.

Don't you yearn for the energy of an in-person keynote presentation?

I certainly feel its absence. I certainly do.

This year, the Department of Justice, in collaboration with 19 states and the District of Columbia, initiated legal action against Apple. An assistant attorney general accused Apple of being a "monopolist acting in its own interest." Additionally, there are several lawsuits from the government targeting various Big Tech firms. Do you believe that both the general public and the government have changed their perspective towards Apple and other major tech companies?

When discussing matters like accusing certain behaviors, it's important to focus on a particular organization and the specific actions in question, rather than lumping everything into one category.

Undoubtedly, everyone has their personal legal battle. How has Apple responded to the lawsuit against them?

The perception of our actions is entirely misplaced. Our users are aware of this fact. We consistently prioritize our users' interests, focusing on what benefits them, their privacy, and their security the most. That's the reality. We're prepared to present our case before a judge and await the outcome.

For how much time do you envision holding the role of CEO at Apple?

People inquire about that more frequently now than in the past.

What's the reason for this

Growing older, with my hair transitioning to silver, I hold a deep affection for this location, Steven. Being part of this is a once-in-a-lifetime honor. I'll continue until an internal whisper tells me, "The moment has arrived," at which point I'll shift my attention to envisioning the future. However, picturing a life beyond Apple is challenging, as my existence has been intricately linked with this corporation since 1998. It represents nearly all of my years as an adult. Therefore, my love for it is profound.

You've mentioned that it's for others to decide what your legacy will be, but in your opinion, what is the lasting impact of Apple?

The judgment also rests with others, but in my view, Apple's legacy will be its contribution of remarkable products that transformed the world and genuinely enhanced the lives of many. This impact is palpable to customers as soon as they step into an Apple Store or when they utilize any of the products. I received numerous messages during the hurricane in North Carolina from individuals who were grateful for the features like SOS and messaging that worked even when the cellular networks failed. Such instances reinforce the reasons behind our efforts and the depth of our commitment. This, I believe, will stand as the enduring legacy of Apple.

Share your thoughts on this piece by sending a letter to the editor via mail@wired.com.

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Jensen Huang Advocates for AI as the Foundation of Future Global Systems

In an era where skepticism around the promise of AI is growing, Nvidia's CEO, Jensen Huang, remains a steadfast believer in AI's transformative power to reshape the world.

In a conversation with WIRED's senior writer Lauren Goode during The Big Interview event in San Francisco on Tuesday, Huang described the rise of AI as a complete transformation of the computing landscape that has been established over the past six decades. He emphasized the overwhelming power of AI, stating that it's not something you can simply rival. Instead, you're either riding the wave of AI or you've been left behind.

Jensen explained that individuals are beginning to acknowledge the role of AI as comparable to the foundational systems of energy and communications, indicating the emergence of a digital intelligence framework.

Currently, the challenge facing Huang lies in his ability to persuade various global governments to share and support his vision.

Huang stood out as the sole participant to dial into the event from a foreign location. Currently in Thailand, Huang reminisced about spending five years of his childhood there. On the same day, he had a meeting with Thailand's Prime Minister, Paetongtarn Shinawatra, to discuss their collaborative efforts in establishing top-notch AI infrastructure within the nation.

Huang's recent visit marks another key moment in his extensive journey this year to convince governments to embrace the concept of developing their own unique trajectories towards the future. This involves establishing their own artificial intelligence infrastructure, managing their national data independently, creating their own AI systems, and, naturally, purchasing Nvidia chips to facilitate this process.

The strategy appears to have been quite effective. As per information gathered by Sherwood News, Thailand has joined a roster of no fewer than 10 nations that have agreed to embark on AI infrastructure ventures with Nvidia. In a recent interview, Huang mentioned that he visited Denmark, Japan, Indonesia, and India this year, with each of these countries opting to develop their national AI frameworks utilizing Nvidia's technology.

Huang's persuasive presentation to international governments underscores a widespread acknowledgment of artificial intelligence's capabilities and a growing division of the internet along national lines. Artificial intelligence represents the newest technological innovation to face restrictions at the border, as the seamless movement of chips and data encounters barriers erected by countries.

A key conflict exists between the United States and China, both dominant forces in technology, striving to outdo each other in the next surge of tech advancements. In such clashes, Nvidia often ends up in the eye of the conflict.

On Monday, the administration under President Biden introduced fresh limitations that will prevent the shipment of semiconductor parts and technologies used for chip manufacturing to China. Among these new limitations is a ban on high-bandwidth memory (HBM), a type of memory frequently utilized in specialized artificial intelligence chips. Nvidia’s H20 chips, crafted for sale to Chinese firms in compliance with export regulations, incorporate HBM. Based on reports from Chinese media, Nvidia ceased accepting orders for H20 chips from China as early as September, in anticipation of the new regulations announced this week.

When questioned on how the limitations affected Nvidia, particularly the elements used in Nvidia's chips, Huang avoided discussing details. However, he mentioned that the "engagements with the administration have been positive," a comment that sparked laughter among the audience in San Francisco.

As the inauguration of Donald Trump approaches, Huang is offering a gesture of goodwill, despite the potential for political turmoil that the incoming president may cause. "I contacted President Trump to offer my congratulations and best wishes, and I assured him that we will do all in our power to help his administration be successful," Huang stated.

Trump has recently committed to instituting a 25 percent tariff on goods imported from Mexico and Canada, along with an additional 10 percent universal tariff on all products from China. The imposition of a 25 percent tariff on imports from Mexico is expected to affect the construction of Nvidia's new semiconductor manufacturing facility in the nation.

Huang is optimistic that the Trump administration will share his perspective on AI as a catalyst for significant societal transformations. "I believe the current administration and President Trump will show a strong interest in this sector, and I'm eager to offer my assistance and respond to any inquiries they may have," Huang expressed.

However, Nvidia is also attempting to leverage a different geopolitical rivalry: the competition among the top AI players—the US, China, and the businesses within these nations—and the rest of the world. Nations not among these dominant forces are increasingly feeling sidelined in the competition and find themselves dependent on these leaders to gain from the advancements in AI technology.

The concept of "sovereign AI" put forth by Huang is gaining traction globally among governments, as there is growing concern among nations outside of the US and China about safeguarding their stakes in the era of artificial intelligence. These countries are apprehensive that the technological futures being shaped by American and Chinese firms may not align with their own interests.

"Huang observed that nations are becoming increasingly aware of the remarkable potential of AI and its significance for their own development," Huang remarked. "They understand that their data constitutes a portion of their natural assets. This data encapsulates the knowledge, culture, and collective wisdom of their society, along with their aspirations and ambitions."

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Amid growing skepticism about the capabilities of AI, Jensen Huang remains steadfast in his belief. The Nvidia CEO envisions AI as the cornerstone of societal transformation.

During a conversation with WIRED's senior journalist Lauren Goode at The Big Interview gathering in San Francisco on Tuesday, Huang described the emergence of AI as a fundamental shift in the computing landscape, unlike anything seen in the past six decades. He emphasized the overwhelming power of AI by stating, "it's such a formidable force that there's no competing with it. You're either riding this wave, or you've been left behind."

Jensen explained that individuals are beginning to understand that AI parallels the importance of energy and communications networks. He highlighted that we are now on the brink of establishing a digital intelligence framework.

Now, Huang's challenge lies in convincing others, particularly global governments, to align with his perspective.

Huang was the sole participant to dial into the event from abroad. He was in Thailand, a country he shared he spent five years of his childhood in. Just recently, he had a meeting with Paetongtarn Shinawatra, the Prime Minister of Thailand, to discuss collaborative efforts in establishing top-tier AI infrastructure within the nation.

Huang's recent visit marks another leg of his globe-trotting campaign this year, advocating for countries to chart unique courses toward the future by developing their proprietary AI frameworks, handling their domestic data internally, creating personalized AI solutions, and, naturally, purchasing Nvidia processors for these initiatives.

The strategy appears to have been effective. Thailand has joined a group of no fewer than 10 nations, based on information gathered by Sherwood News, that have agreed to embark on AI infrastructure initiatives in partnership with Nvidia. During the conversation, Huang mentioned that this year, he visited Denmark, Japan, Indonesia, and India; these nations have all chosen to develop their own national AI platforms, opting for Nvidia's technology.

Huang's successful appeal to governments worldwide underscores a deep acknowledgment of AI technology's promise and a growing trend towards a fragmented internet, with digital borders emerging along national lines. AI represents the newest technological domain where the seamless exchange of microchips and information is being hindered by the boundaries of countries.

A significant conflict exists between the United States and China, both of which are prominent forces in the tech industry, striving to dominate the next surge in technological advancements. In this clash, Nvidia becomes unavoidably entangled in the midst of the conflict.

This past Monday, the administration under President Biden introduced fresh limitations aimed at prohibiting the sale of semiconductor parts and the technology used in their production to China. Among these limitations is a ban on the export of high-bandwidth memory (HBM), a crucial element in specialized AI chips. Nvidia’s H20 chips, crafted to comply with export regulations for sale to Chinese firms, incorporate these HBM components. Reports from Chinese media sources suggest that Nvidia ceased accepting orders from China for these H20 chips as of September, in anticipation of the newly announced measures.

When questioned on how the limitations affected Nvidia, particularly the parts used in Nvidia's chips, Huang avoided discussing the details. However, he remarked that the engagements with the government had been positive, a statement that elicited laughter from the audience in San Francisco.

As the beginning of Donald Trump's term in office approaches, Huang is offering a gesture of goodwill, despite the potential political uncertainties that the incoming president could introduce. "I contacted President Trump, offered him my congratulations, expressed my hopes for his success, and assured him that we will do all within our power to help his administration be successful," Huang stated.

Trump has recently committed to implementing a 25 percent tax on goods imported from Mexico and Canada, alongside an extra 10 percent tariff on all products coming from China. This 25 percent tax on imports from Mexico could affect the construction of Nvidia's new semiconductor manufacturing facility in the nation.

Huang is optimistic that the Trump administration will embrace his perspective on AI as a key driver of profound changes in society. "I'm confident that the new administration, including President Trump, will show a strong interest in this sector, and I'm eager to offer my assistance and respond to any inquiries they might have," Huang expressed.

Nvidia is also looking to leverage another geopolitical rivalry: the competition in AI technology between the major players—the US, China, and their respective tech firms—and the rest of the world. Nations beyond these two dominant forces increasingly sense their exclusion from the progress and are dependent on these leaders for access to advancements in AI technology.

The concept that American and Chinese corporations are shaping our future raises legitimate concerns among other nations about safeguarding their interests in the era of artificial intelligence. This is why Huang's proposal of "sovereign AI" is gaining traction with governments around the globe.

"Huang highlighted that nations are becoming increasingly aware of AI's extraordinary potential and its critical role for their future," he stated. "They understand that their data constitutes a vital asset, encoding the wisdom, cultural heritage, and collective understanding of their society, along with their aspirations and ambitions."

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This Website Utilizes AI to Assist in Finding Vintage and Pre-Owned Goods

From a young age, Alex Ruber was immersed in the world of thrift shopping. Raised by a mother who fled communist Romania for Italy before finally settling in Canada, he frequently accompanied her on visits to thrift shops and weekend flea markets during his childhood. The duo would search for distinctive finds. "My very first piano was a flea market discovery," he recalls. "It felt like embarking on a quest for buried treasure."

Two decades later, Ruber, who once engineered software for Apple and now resides in San Francisco, has helped launch an innovative AI-driven search engine platform named Encore. This platform aims to bring the excitement of thrift shopping to the digital realm. Encore compiles listings from numerous secondhand websites, assisting users in discovering rare and distinctive finds. Unlike traditional search methods on platforms like Facebook Marketplace or eBay, Encore stands out by allowing users to describe their desired items in conversational terms, akin to how they might explain it to a friend.

Leveraging its advanced language model capabilities, Encore enables customers to conduct highly detailed searches. For instance, users can look for items with precision, such as: "a dress similar to the one worn by Carrie Bradshaw in season 6, episode 12, available in sizes 0 or 2," or "a mid-century modern dining table with a walnut finish, which must include extensions to seat eight people or more." Customers have the flexibility to refine their searches by adding criteria like “only rectangular tables” or “must be under $1,500.” Should the platform initially fail to find any matches, users have the option to switch a toggle and continue their search for new products.

The primary aim? "To be recognized as the Enigma of e-commerce," states Ruber, who established Encore alongside Parth Chopra, an ex-engineer from Twitter and Asana.

Retail Therapy

Individuals who are enthusiasts of purchasing items from the secondary market each have their unique motivation behind their choice. Many are in search of deals, while some aim to lessen their environmental impact stemming from major contributors to pollution such as the rapid-production clothing and furniture sectors. Additionally, there are those who appreciate the easier access to high-end products. Consequently, the worldwide market for resold goods is experiencing significant growth.

Encore, which debuted in June, is quickly gaining traction with 50,000 monthly searches and a consistent 25 percent growth in search activity month after month. It's part of a growing trend of businesses aiming to enhance the shopping experience for secondhand goods by offering a smoother interface than previous search aggregators. For instance, the Beni app simplifies the search for secondhand items by allowing users to prepend "checkbeni.com/" to the URL of any product to locate its secondhand availability across various online resale platforms. Similarly, Faircado, a company based in Berlin, has developed a browser extension that seamlessly shows users secondhand options, labeled as “pre-loved,” while they shop online as usual. Although Encore initially focused on a web-based platform to ensure universal accessibility, the team is now expanding its reach by developing a mobile application set to launch in the coming months.

Encore leverages a combination of its proprietary version of GPT-4, specifically tailored by the company with fashion and e-commerce focused datasets. This customization allows it to identify a range of brands, designs, and style sensibilities effectively. Users who opt for the no-cost option receive between 30 to 40 search outcomes; however, avid shoppers who subscribe for $36 annually (currently a small group of a few hundred) are rewarded with double the number of search outcomes and additional benefits. However, according to Ruber, unless the search request is exceptionally detailed (for example, asking for a "boxy bomber jacket with elastic sleeves similar to the one worn by Tom Cruise in Top Gun 2"), the quality of results between free and paid users remains consistent, albeit with a difference in quantity.

Up to this point, customers of Encore have shown a strong preference for premium fashion items, home furnishings, and kitchen gadgets. However, the platform also allows for the exploration of a wide array of pre-owned goods including watches, literature, DIY tools, and games. For those passionate about fashion, Encore provides a convenient feature to browse selections from Poshmark, The RealReal, DePop, and similar second-hand clothing platforms, compiling search outcomes in a single location. Individuals in the market for furniture can view combined listings from sources like AptDeco, Chairish, and Kaiyo, to name a few. Additionally, Encore compiles offerings from the well-known Japanese marketplace Mercari and the French enterprise Vestiaire Collective. Users have the flexibility to exclude certain sites from their search results if they choose.

Encore receives a commission ranging from 2% to 10% (varies based on the associated website) for each completed sale made via its platform. However, in contrast to Google Shopping and Amazon, which elevate specific brands in their search rankings through different types of product-placement advertisements, Encore's revenue is solely derived from affiliate links and transactions from its users. The platform's search outcomes are not influenced by search engine optimization practices, meaning the primary determinants of visibility are the effectiveness of your query and the performance of the platform's algorithm.

Seeking Help? Reach Out to Me

Encore is embracing conversational AI technology with the belief that sophisticated searches using natural language will pave the way for the future of e-commerce.

Indications are emerging that this trend is taking shape: In February, Walmart rolled out a conversational AI named Ask Sam designed to help its employees find products such as “Where can I find cinnamon?” or inquire about product prices like “What's the price of this hand soap?” Following this, Amazon introduced a conversational shopping aid called Rufus, equipped with knowledge of Amazon's extensive product range, aiming to assist customers with inquiries, suggestions, and naturally, making purchases.

Across different parts of the web, you have the option to seek travel recommendations by posing your inquiry as if you were conversing with a (human) travel consultant, or by querying a search engine as though you were messaging a pal. Industry specialists forecast that the market for conversational AI will expand from a valuation of $13.2 billion in 2024 to nearly $50 billion by the year 2030.

Dedicated deal-seekers are already capable of achieving similar results to what Encore offers by utilizing Chrome add-ons and employing numerous sophisticated search filters on well-known secondhand websites. However, the creators of Encore are confident that their artificial intelligence-driven service will simplify the process and attract a wider audience to these platforms. They are optimistic that by incorporating conversational AI, the shopping experience will be enhanced, promoting exploration and enabling users to peruse items as they might in a physical thrift shop. "Fans of secondhand shopping really enjoy the act of exploring and navigating through various niches until they stumble upon a special find," Ruber mentions.

The group envisions expanding the capabilities of their platform as the artificial intelligence technologies they utilize grow more sophisticated. For instance, you could request Encore to notify you through a message when your desired dress is available in your size, or even to purchase it on your behalf the moment it goes on sale. The Encore group is also aiming to enhance their "discovery channel," which is currently underdeveloped, with the inclusion of mood boards, staff favorites, and hand-picked selections by niche influencers and fashion arbiters. "Imagine having a personal shopping assistant," Ruber explains, "one that's helpful rather than bothersome."

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Spotify Wrapped Introduces AI-Powered Podcast to Delve into Your Music Preferences

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The annual Spotify Wrapped, which provides a lively summary of users' music preferences and is both adored and criticized, has made its return. This time, in 2024, it will feature an innovative audio component designed using artificial intelligence, enhancing the already vibrant visual experience.

Beginning today, Spotify subscribers can enjoy their yearly summary through a customized podcast, featuring AI-generated hosts who excitedly talk about the user's top songs and preferred musicians.

The latest feature for podcast summaries utilizes Google’s NotebookLM technology. For those who have already employed Google’s artificial intelligence to create an audio podcast on their research topics, the two AI-generated voices featured in the Wrapped podcast will be recognizable. Referred to by Spotify as “AI hosts,” these voices will partake in a short dialogue about you and your listening habits in 2024. This new tool will become available in English across several countries including the US, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, and Spotify’s native Sweden. Similar to the well-established visual version of Wrapped, this AI-generated podcast summary can be easily shared.

The podcast offers a customized experience, with the two hosts engaging listeners directly by using their names and talking to them as individuals. They not only share solid statistics, such as your most-listened-to artist and the total time you've spent listening, but they also delve into the specifics of your listening history, as gathered by Spotify. They compliment you— in my case, they praised me as a "tastemaker" and described my music preferences as both "diverse" and "unique." They go on to infer aspects of your personal life from your music choices. For instance, they imagined me confidently walking down the street wearing pink pilates attire while listening to Chappel Roan’s "Red Wine Supernova," and they guessed that I might have sung along to the Rent soundtrack in the shower. They showed an interest in my daily life, even speculating about what I was doing on January 9, the day I listened to music the most throughout the year 2024.

Spotify has previously integrated AI-voiced features into its Wrapped summaries before. In the previous year, the service introduced an AI DJ named DJ X as part of the Wrapped feature, which offered insights into users' listening patterns for 2023. This time around, Spotify has broadened the functionality to include support for Spanish-speaking users, suggesting that the firm envisions a significant role for AI-produced audio content moving forward.

The introduction of an AI-powered edition of Wrapped comes amid growing user apprehension regarding the extensive monitoring and data harvesting practices of major tech companies. Specifically, Spotify has come under fire for its detailed monitoring of user actions, which it has controversially marketed as a warm, shareable festive present. Additionally, there has been a noticeable reluctance among listeners to accept AI-created podcasts, often characterized by their overly sweet and somewhat unsettling virtual presenters trying to mimic human interaction.

Spotify's annual personalized report now includes a podcast edition, underscoring the firm's dedication to dominating the long-form audio space. According to the company, since incorporating podcasts into its streaming offerings in 2019, over 500 million individuals have tuned into a podcast on Spotify. Over the last year, the streaming behemoth has expanded its podcast features, introducing options for listeners to leave comments under podcast episodes and offering podcast creators analytics and resources to help expand their listener base.

The Wrapped feature is set to be the first encounter with AI-generated podcasts for numerous users, a domain that hasn't been as widely explored as other applications of generative AI. Through this introduction, users will experience firsthand how AI can produce dialogue that remarkably resembles human conversation. Additionally, this development could cause concern among Spotify's expanding community of podcast creators, who might view the promotion of Wrapped's AI narrators as a potential threat to their personal projects.

Interestingly, Spotify Wrapped is released just a day before Apple Music's comparable Replay summary. Although Apple Music subscribers receive a similar analysis of their music listening patterns as those on Spotify, they miss out on the unique feature of having two engaging AI podcast hosts dissect their listening experience. Perhaps this will change in the future.

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Introducing a New Standard for AI Hazards

MLCommons, a charitable organization dedicated to aiding businesses in evaluating the effectiveness of their AI technologies, is rolling out a novel standard to assess the negative aspects of AI as well.

The recently introduced standard, named AILuminate, evaluates how big language models react to over 12,000 examination cues across 12 different areas. These areas encompass encouraging violent offenses, child abuse imagery, expressions of hate, advocating self-injury, and violation of copyright laws.

Models receive a rating ranging from “poor” to “excellent,” based on their performance. The test prompts remain confidential to avoid them becoming part of the training data, which could enable a model to unfairly excel in the assessment.

Peter Mattson, who established MLCommons and serves as its president in addition to being a senior staff engineer at Google, highlights the technical challenges in assessing the potential negative impacts of AI models, resulting in varied practices throughout the sector. "AI represents a nascent technology, and the field of AI testing is in its infancy," he notes. "Enhancing safety not only aids societal well-being but also favors the market."

Under the forthcoming US administration, dependable and autonomous methods for assessing the dangers associated with artificial intelligence might gain importance. Donald Trump has vowed to eliminate the AI Executive Order implemented by President Biden. This order was designed to promote the responsible use of AI by businesses and established a new AI Safety Institute for the evaluation of potent AI models.

This initiative might also offer a broader global viewpoint on the dangers associated with AI. MLCommons includes several global entities among its members, notably the Chinese corporations Huawei and Alibaba. Should these firms adopt the proposed standard, it could facilitate a comparison of AI safety measures across the US, China, and other regions.

Several prominent American AI firms have already implemented AILuminate for evaluating their systems. The Claude model by Anthropic, Google’s more compact model named Gemma, and Microsoft’s Phi model each received a “very good” rating in their assessments. Meanwhile, GPT-4o from OpenAI and Meta’s top-tier Llama model were both rated as “good.” The sole model to receive a “poor” rating was the Allen Institute for AI’s OLMo, with Mattson pointing out that this model is more of a research tool and wasn’t specifically crafted with safety considerations.

"Rumman Chowdhury, the head of Humane Intelligence—a nonprofit dedicated to assessing and challenging AI systems for potential issues—expresses satisfaction with the level of scientific thoroughness applied in AI evaluation methods. She emphasizes the importance of establishing top-tier standards and adopting comprehensive evaluation techniques to ensure AI models meet anticipated performance criteria."

MLCommons indicates that the purpose of the newly introduced benchmark parallels that of car safety evaluations, encouraging creators of these models to strive for high scores while the benchmark itself evolves and enhances progressively.

The standard isn't aimed at evaluating the likelihood of AI systems turning manipulative or unmanageable, a concern that rose to prominence following ChatGPT's surge in popularity towards the end of 2022. In response, global governments initiated investigations into this matter, and AI firms have established special groups focused on examining and detecting any troublesome tendencies within these models.

Mattson explains that MLCommon's strategy is designed to augment existing methods while also offering a broader scope. "While safety organizations are conducting assessments, they might not have the capacity to account for all potential risks associated with a comprehensive product safety landscape," Mattson notes. "Our approach allows us to contemplate a wider variety of risks."

Rebecca Weiss, the leading figure at MLCommons, believes her group has a greater capacity to stay updated with the newest trends in AI compared to the more sluggish government entities. "The intentions of policy makers are genuinely positive," she notes. "However, they may not always be capable of keeping pace with the rapidly advancing industry."

MLCommons is comprised of approximately 125 member entities, featuring major technology firms such as OpenAI, Google, and Meta, along with academic powerhouses like Stanford and Harvard.

Thus far, no Chinese firms have adopted the newly established benchmark. However, Weiss and Mattson have pointed out that the entity has collaborated with AI Verify, an AI Safety group based in Singapore, to formulate standards. This effort includes contributions from scientists, researchers, and businesses across Asia.

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Celsius Network's Creator Alex Mashinsky Admits to Fraud Charges

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Alex Mashinsky, the ex-CEO of the now-defunct cryptocurrency lending firm Celsius, has admitted guilt to a pair of fraud charges, which cumulatively could result in a 30-year prison term.

Following the downfall of the enterprise, the US Department of Justice indicted Mashinsky on seven charges, including fraud, conspiracy, and tampering with the market. Initially, he entered a plea of not guilty and was scheduled for a criminal court proceeding in the Southern District of New York come January.

During a court proceeding on Tuesday, Mashinsky changed his plea to guilty on charges of commodities fraud and securities fraud. According to the DOJ, Mashinsky confessed to deceiving customers of Celsius regarding critical details of the company's operations, specifically the usage of their funds, and engaging in the manipulation of the price of a proprietary cryptocurrency token to advantage himself financially.

In the agreement with the court, Mashinsky will surrender $48 million obtained through misconduct. His sentencing is scheduled for April 8, 2025.

"US Attorney Damian Williams stated, "Alexander Mashinsky executed a massive fraud within the cryptocurrency sector. The convictions today demonstrate our Office's dedication to prosecuting individuals such as Mashinsky for their criminal activities."

Established by Mashinsky in 2017, Celsius positioned itself as a modern substitute for conventional banking institutions, branding itself as the most secure location for your cryptocurrency, according to the DOJ.

The firm accepted cryptocurrency as deposits, which were then either put into investments or lent out to support the payment of interest to its clients. The allure for individuals was the promise of earning interest rates up to 17 percent on their deposits—a figure significantly exceeding what banks were offering then. According to the Department of Justice, at its height, Celsius managed over $25 billion in assets belonging to its customers.

In May 2022, the situation deteriorated significantly. The failure of the Terra Luna stablecoin created a financial void of a billion dollars in Celsius's accounts, and as the value of cryptocurrencies plummeted, a wave of concerned clients hurried to remove billions in crypto assets from their Celsius holdings. Following poor investment choices in Terra Luna among other assets, Celsius found itself unable to meet withdrawal requests. Consequently, the company had to halt customer withdrawals. By July of the same year, Celsius declared bankruptcy, leaving customer assets worth $4.7 billion inaccessible.

Upon Mashinsky's arrest, he was charged by prosecutors with deceiving Celsius patrons regarding the company's true operations. While Mashinsky claimed that Celsius functioned as a contemporary bank, the initial lawsuit alleged that he actually ran the business like a high-risk investment pool. He is accused of accepting client funds under deceptive conditions, essentially making customers unknowing contributors to a venture that was significantly more perilous and less lucrative than what Mashinsky had depicted.

The downfall of Celsius was a key event in a series of domino effects that started with the crash of Terra Luna, ultimately leading to the downfall of the cryptocurrency exchange FTX in November 2022, which significantly weakened the cryptocurrency sector.

During the interim, the executives associated with these corporations have been subjected to legal actions, both civil and criminal. In March, Sam Bankman-Fried, the creator of FTX, received a 25-year prison sentence from a federal judge in the United States due to his involvement in the deceitful activities that led to the collapse of the exchange. Following that, in April, Do Kwon, the entrepreneur behind Terra Luna, was held responsible by an American civil jury for misleading investors.

Mashinsky's admission of guilt is being hailed in cryptocurrency communities as a significant step in purging another detrimental figure who contributed to the chaos that severely harmed the sector's standing and economic stability.

"Over the past two years, we've really tidied up our act," states Travis Kling, the mind behind Ikigai Asset Management, a firm specializing in cryptocurrency wealth management.

Members who lost access to their funds when Celsius froze withdrawals have also expressed relief at Mashinsky's admission of guilt, with one individual in a Telegram group for past users proclaiming, "We Caught Him." However, their sense of victory is tainted by irritation over being embroiled in a convoluted bankruptcy proceeding. "Being part of this Chapter 11 nightmare felt like a total insult," shares Ben, a previous customer of Celsius. "It's utterly inexcusable, and it's a situation and lesson I earnestly wish to never encounter again."

Under a bankruptcy exit strategy sanctioned last year, creditors of Celsius have started receiving partial repayments. However, they are projected to recuperate merely 60 percent of the worth of their account balances as they stood when the firm went under.

While anticipating his sentence, Mashinsky presents himself as remorseful. "I'm aware that my actions were incorrect, and I'm eager to rectify my mistakes," he reportedly expressed during the court session on Tuesday. "I fully acknowledge my wrongdoing."

Latest Update 12/4/24 12:48 pm EST: New developments in this report now feature responses from the cryptocurrency sector.

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